How has NATO survived the Cold War essays

How has NATO survived the Cold War essays The latter half of the twentieth century has been dominated by the Cold War and the actions and events surrounding it. During this period different alliances and treaties were formed and many of these were institutionalized. One such alliance was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This organization was set up by the Northern Atlantic Western Powers to combat the Eastern Soviet threat. Today however NATO still exists and plays an active role in international relations. The question asked then is why after the Soviet Threat has dispersed an organization that was set up with the sole purpose of defeating the Soviets, is still persisting. NATO was formed on the 4th of April 1949 with an alliance of twelve independent nations committed to defence and security. Between 1952 and 1982 four more nations joined and three more in March 1999. The original alliance was formed with the purpose of stopping Soviet expansion in Europe, with the United States as the main driving force. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the consequential end of the Cold War it may be asked why has NATO survived and still plays an active and influential role in European interstate politics. NATO has a definite reason for still continuing on in Europe. According to Michael Ruhle (Senior Planning Officer, Policy Planning and Speechwriting Section of NATO's Political Affairs Division) NATO has changed from a singular-purpose organization to a multi-purpose institution, "working together to create a more benign strategic environment." Mr. Ruhle argues that NATO is contributing to the "emerging Euro-Atlantic security architecture." It is not really an institution but an architect. The architecture being a "series of key political processes that shape the strategic environment, the European integration process, the evolution of Russia, the development of transatlantic relations, and the evolution of crisis management in the Euro-Atlantic area." NATO ...

Demand, supply, and equilibrium Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Demand, supply, and equilibrium - Term Paper Example The amount of a product that people in a market are willing to buy is known as the demanded quantity. The existing relationship between quantity demanded and price is known as the demand relationship. The factor of supply indicates the quantity of a product or a service that can be offered by the market. The quantity supplied is the amount of any good or service that the producers are able to supply in return of a certain price. The factor of price is a reflection of the demand and supply in the market. The supply and demand relationship underlines the key decisions regarding the allocation of resources in a market. In the theories of market economy, the demand and supply theory is used to allocate the available resources in the best possible manner. The demand for a product is the representation of how much the buyers are willing to buy at different prices. Thus, demand can be defined as the existing relationship between quantity and prices while maintaining all other relevant factors as constant. The law of demand states that the higher the price of the goods, lesser would be the demand for the goods, if the other relevant factors are kept constant (Gomes, King and Stonecash 215). This means that a higher price would incur a lower demand. According to the law of demand, the factors of quantity demanded and price are inversely proportional. Therefore, a lower price would mean a higher quantity demanded. The market demand represents the total of the demands of all the individual buyers in a market. Since at a higher price, both the price and the opportunity cost of the purchase of the goods and services increase, therefore the amount purchased by buyers at high prices is lesser. People generally try to avoid buying any product o r service that will make them forgo the purchase and consumption of a product more important to them. Thus, a high opportunity cost often leads to a decrease in

Quotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Quotation - Essay Example Actions, which might threaten or lead to loss of life contradict the right, and thus need condemnation (Freeman 5). All constitutions of the world recognize and respect the right to life and that any person who attempts or violates it faces stiff penalty. For instance, when a person kills another person, he faces life sentence for violating the right of the deceased to live. This is evident in several countries such as in the Middle East whereby tyrants who had been accused of mass murder of human beings got punished. Former Iraq president, Saddam Hussein was hanged for killing many people during his reign (Freeman 5). Therefore, since nobody provided right to life to a fellow being, he or she has no right of taking such right from another being by killing or threatening. However, there are some instances when such right is denied or when a person accused of killing a fellow human being is pardoned (Freeman 9). Such situation arises when the accused was trying to defend himself or he rself from murder by the deceased. This normally happen when in times of conflict such as war or when a person turns wild and desires to kill. Moreover, when a person kills the other, and thus turns to be a security threat to public, police officers kill him (Freeman 9). A good instance occurs during mass shootings which have characterized the U.S.A. and which have left many people grieving from loss of loved ones. A recent incident was the US school shooting in Brooklyn, Newtown. Consequently, all constitutions on earth recognize and respect the right to liberty of all human beings. People have a right to be free from all forms of bondage and slavery. Capturing or enslaving a fellow human being is currently an international offence condemned by all nations (Freeman 11). Unlike in the past when people were taken as slaves due to debt or as war captives, all constitutions of the world prohibit the act and even imposes heavy penalty on the offenders. Since God created human beings whe n they were not under the rule or authority of anybody, no person should be denied such right. Right to liberty ensures that people move around the earth doing as they wish with their freedom so long as they respect and accord the same to other people (Freeman 14). Therefore, people who capture their fellow human beings contradict the right to liberty. Such acts include those witnessed by illegal groups such as militants or pirates who capture sailors and keep or otherwise kill them. A good example is the capturing of sailors in Indian Ocean by Somali pirates who demand huge ransom in order to release the captives. This action is bad and illegal since it contravenes the captives’ right to move (Freeman 14). However, the right to liberty is restricted in some instances. Such instances include when a person commits a criminal offence, and thus convicted and sentenced to imprisonment. While serving a prison term, a person is denied the right to be free (Freeman 14). This is a fo rm of punishment directed at the prisoner in order to compel him to change from criminal activities. Human beings also have a right to lead a happy life on earth. Such freedom is God – given and thus, nobody should be denied (Freeman 27). God created human beings to be happy creatures and thus, should thank him for such right by worshiping him. Therefore, actions, which inhibit man from pursuing happiness on earth go against the right and thus, need condemnation. Thus, human beings have a

Pollution Prevention Essay Example for Free

Pollution Prevention Essay In the article written by Chris Wiant entitled â€Å"What is the P2 trend all about, and how are environmental health professionals involved? ,† discussed the history, objectives and significance of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s pollution prevention (P2) program to the environment and public health. In the early 70s, there was already a conscious effort in protecting the nation’s vital natural resources which was pioneered by Congress. But EPA wanted to expand their strategy in environmental protection which resulted to the birth of the P2 program. The main thrust of the pollution prevention program is to encourage companies to get involve in the community level by taking the initiative in becoming leaders in protecting the environment. In addition, the application of the program has facilitated the identification of its â€Å"potential for significant economic benefits by avoiding the need for treatment at the end-of-the-pipe. † Since P2 has been well received by businesses and its positive benefits are eminent, the next challenge is â€Å"how to institutionalize P2 as a standard business practice, and 2) how to get businesses and communities to see that P2 can be a pathway to a new partnership between them† (Wiant, 1997, p. 24). Moreover, the pollution prevention program is not only a directive that is focused on conservation and preservation of the natural resources. It is more directed on the sustainable maintenance of the activities that were already started by companies and the EPA but in a bigger scale. The certainty of the success of the program can only be guaranteed if all sectors of the society will work hand in hand in order to achieve a single goal which is to reduce the damage inflicted to the environment. Another aspect of the P2 program that is very appealing is its emphasis on preventive measures. Its design of â€Å"reducing the emission of toxic substances into the environment, focusing on the manufacturing process as the point in which to control toxin emissions,† is an innovative idea that will dramatically trim down the production of harmful substances. Through this approach, a potential problem can be addressed at its initial stage. Instead of using the end-of the-pipe strategy, businesses can already start with prevention during the manufacturing process. As a result, massive damages to the environment can be avoided and it can also eliminate the risk of inflicting impairment to the public’s health. Also, it can significantly reduce the cost for businesses in decreasing their toxic emissions. It is like shooting 2 birds in 1 stone because companies can save a lot of money and time by just implementing the P2 program in their business procedures. By mandating business to utilize the P2 program, changes in common business practices will occur. But this alteration would be for the overall improvement of the policies and procedures of a company. Moreover, in a community that practices such programs, the quality of life of the people will greatly improve and the relationship of coexistence between man and nature will continue to flourish for the better (Wiant, 1997, p. 24). However, the only concern for the P2 program is its standardization and the assurance of having a productive relationship between the community and businesses. It is essential that companies follow a set of standard procedures in order for the end results to be predictable. Institutionalizing P2 as a standard business practice will eliminate different interpretations and implementations which will boost the focus in protecting the environment and public health. On the other hand, this can only be put into reality if environmental health professionals as well as business leaders who utilize the P2 program will get involve in an intensified information campaign to promote the concept, benefits and practicality of the program. Overall the P2 program is a notable undertaking that is very much necessary in the modern society. Through this, the environment and the public’s health will be safeguarded from the destructive products brought by development or progress. Works Cited Wiant, C. J. (1997). What is the P2 trend all about, and how are environmental health professionals involved?. Journal of Environmental Health, 59, 24.

Capital Punishment Is Barbaric Essay -- Anti Death Penalty Essays

Who are we, any of us, to decide whether or not the man standing next to us, murderer or otherwise, is â€Å"no longer fit to be among us†? Capital punishment is used for such crimes as treason, murder, terrorism, kidnapping, and even for perjury causing the execution of an innocent person. It has been debated for years, whether or not the death penalty is just. And over two-thirds of the countries in the world have disallowed any form of government from practicing the death penalty. In the Eighth Amendment of our Constitution it is stated that cruel and unusual punishments, such as death, shall not be inflicted upon a man. The insertion of this small statement in one of the documents that our country was built upon is proof of man’s ability to recognize that there is indeed a line to be crossed when it comes to punishment. Yet somehow, man’s actions show a complete disregard for this part of our Constitution. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, life for life. If this is the conclusion that the majority of our society comes to, then why do they teach their children differently? From day one it is impressed upon the majority of young minds that it is not acceptable to hit someone just because they hit you. So when suddenly at the age of eighteen, people in the United States can be charged with murder and put to death, it’s confusing wondering what it is that has changed. It is against all human rights to deny any man or woman of their life. Other than the moral reasons to abolish capital punishment, there are always the possibilities of wrongful conviction or mental illness. There is no proof that the death penalty is at all a preventative measure against murder, so why go so far as to kill another human being? Within the last 38 year... ...death-penalty-and-innocence http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/issues/death-penalty/us-death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-cost http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=53 http://crime.about.com/od/death/i/dpissue1.htm http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/crimes-punishable-death-penalty#BJS http://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=001000 http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/deathpenalty.htm http://www.openbible.info/topics/eye_for_an_eye http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/innocence-and-death-penalty http://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.source.php?sourceID=006946 https://death.rdsecure.org/article.php?id=42 http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/issues/death-penalty/us-death-penalty-facts/death-penalty-cost http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/story?id=3259389&page=1 http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/lack-lawyers-blocking-appeals-capital-cases

Financial Reporting Problem Part 1 Essay

The company’s annual report is important because it gives the shareholders a clear picture and understanding about how the company is doing financially. The annual reports provide thorough information on very significant section of the accounts, such as the balance sheet, the income statement, and the cash flow statement. The information presented in the annual report would also be essential to potential investor, employee, and any other people that may have interest in financial aspect of the business. The company’s total assets at the end of December 2013 were $77,478,000 (PepsiCo, n.d.). Although, for the reporting period at the end of December 2012, the total was $74,638,000. This information is important because it demonstrate what the company owns and how the company has grown over the years. It gives an understanding of the financial condition of the company, and how well they are doing, or have not done over the time frame. The current assets are the first thing on the balance. These are listed by the company so they have a tangible list of what it may convert into cash in a short period of time if the situation calls for that. This can usually be done in less than a year. Because these assets can easily be turned to cash by the company, they are referred to as â€Å"liquid† assets. Cash and cash equivalents are the most liquid assets found on the company’s balance sheet. PepsiCo’s cash and cash equivalents for the year end of December 28, 2013 were $9,375,000 and in December 2012 the company had $6,297,000 in cash and cash equivalents (PepsiCo, n.d.). This includes short-term investments, accounts and notes receivable, inventories and prepaid expenses, and other current assets. This represents the company’s liquidity. The more of the above that the company has access to what gives them a high risk of success because management can use the money to carry through tough periods. All accounts  payable are the debts owed by the company to various vendors for products and services purchased on credit. Upon review of the current financial statement for PepsiCo they have a total amount of $12,533,000 owed to vendors (Yahoo Finance, 2014). This is one of the largest current liabilities because of the fact the companies are constantly ordering new products or paying vendors for services or merchandise. As shown on PepsiCo’s balance sheet, the company recorded $12,274,000 in their accounts payable for their previous annual reporting period, 2012 (Yahoo Finance, 2014). This says that PepsiCo purchased supplies, products, and services on credit. They were liable to pay this amount to their vendors and suppliers at the time they were due. Net incomes are proceeds from a sale of an asset, minus the commissions, taxes, and other expenses related to the sale. For example, a case of Pepsi was sold in a store. The net incomes made from that sale, what money is left after the expenses, commissions, and taxes are paid. Another example of net income would be the profit made from the sale of a truck, land, or building that PepsiCo owned. PepsiCo reported $6,740,000 in net income for 2013 (Yahoo Finance, 2014). This is an increase from the reported net income in 2012. In 2012 PepsiCo reported $6,178,000 in net income (Yahoo Finance, 2014). As shown, there was a bigger increase in net income between 2012 and 2013. Net income is one of the most important signs of a business’ financial stability. The net income is generally the amount remaining after the expenses have been met or deducted. This is known as the bottom line because it is found on the last line of the income statement. PepsiCo reported their total current assets at the end of their most recent annual reporting period, 2013, at $22,203,000 (Yahoo Finance, 2014). This figure includes their current assets such as cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, net receivables, and inventory. Cash includes currency on hand as well as deposits in their financial institution. Cash equivalents are investments with maturities of three months or less. Net receivables are the amount due from customers or clients within one year on the balance sheet date. The inventory will include the raw materials, work in process, and finished goods. They value these at the lower to cost or market. In 2012, PepsiCo reported $18,720,000 in their total current assets  (Yahoo Finance, 2014). It is evident that between the years of 2012 and 2013 their total current assets increased. The annual report contains the information above and is very important to the business, and can be used for many different reasons. The owner s can use the information to decide whether or not they should continue to operate. The information on the total assets and the amount of the accounts payable can benefit potential investors because it shows them strong the company is financially, by stating what the company owns and how much it owes. The finance department can use the information above to make reasonable â€Å"decision about debt and equity financing and how to distribute in dividends† (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 41). Last, but not least: the human resources department can use the information to see how much cash the company has and its total income in order to figure out how much money is available in order to give incentives, raises, bonuses, benefits, rewards, or other types of gifts etc. to the employees. According to our text, it also states that â€Å"if employees can read and use financial reports all employees will be better informed about the basis on which they are evaluated, which will increase employee morale† (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 41). References Kimmel, P. D., Weygandt, J. J., & Kieso, D. E. (2011). Financial accounting: Tools for business decision making (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. PepsiCo. (n.d.). Investors. Retrieved from http://www.pepsico.com/Investors/Annual-Reports.html Yahoo Finance. (2014, April). http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=PEP+Historical+Prices

Jacksonian Democracy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 655 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Democracy Essay Did you like this example? Democracy in many eras is defined when someone is running for office and naturally against other political candidates. The citizens (usually wealthy men) have the decision to vote, for that specific candidate is put in position to make decision for the people in that society, whoever has the majority vote wins. Yes, I agree with the Jacksonian’s view of democracy to extent to that they themselves stand for individual liberty, and economic opportunity and the constitution. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Jacksonian Democracy" essay for you Create order During the 1800’s democracy was ambiguously defined because of people’s different definitions; the founding’s of the America political system was defined by these ideologies and beliefs it had set the course for the legalities and administrations for different political parties. The Jacksonian had an interesting definition of democracy, Jacksonian democracy is a 19th-century political philosophy originating with the seventh President Andrew Jackson and his supporters, and it was one of America’s dominant political worldview of democracy. Andrew Jackson and his follower’s political ideology of what he considered democracy was constitutional, George Henry Evans, â€Å"The working Men’s Declaration of Independence† (December 1829). Showed that the Jacksonian’s views of constitution were aligned, and they had shared the ideologies of â€Å"†¦that all men are created equal; that they endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† the Jacksonian’s point of view is constitutional and to this idea was correct. Jackson received most of his support from the common man, who saw their independence as the most important necessity to preserve. Andrew Jackson had believed that economic opportunity was important to have individual liberty, Jackson’ veto message, July 10, 1832) had believed that if we have a national bank it not work in our best favor, but â€Å"†¦ the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of govt. to in (Andrew their selfish purposes† the Jacksonian ideas were honest despite the criticism that they were only for white men, they truly show that his ideas for democracy were transcending and honest. Their perspective is like of the anti-federalist, because they were pro-constitution and not very keen on having a big government and somewhat believes in the idea of â€Å"God helps, to those who help themselves†. The disagreement in ideologies that Jacksonian and the people who view them is put in question on the topic of slavery, (in document F) Acts and Resolutions of South Carolina (1835) â€Å"†¦ earnestly requests that the govts of these states will promptly and effectually suppress all those associations within their respective limits purporting to be abolition societies† this was the disagreement that a lot of the Jacksonian had disagreed o among themselves even Jackson had his fair share of the controversy because of this the pro-slavery bias was the darker side to Jacksonian Democracy The Jackson were open to slavery it he believed that should be treated human dignity , he showed no action to abolish or remove the legalization of the arranged slave system. But the whole topic is complicated, so we be understanding to the extent of contextualizing and seeing for how it was, no bias. Yes, I agree with them but to an extent that our commonalities are dominated than our differences in ideologies and philosophy. Andrew Jackson and Jacksons followers who created the party were also for the people. Such ideals were shown throughout various times within the period. The democrats were essentially guardians of the United States Constitution and, similarly, were protectors of individual liberties. And equality of opportunity. Through the early 1800’s the Jacksonian’s themselves have created an era where we can have a moment to question what is democracy and what extent do have to give up having political ideology and how much do we kowtow to extreme side of it, for a better democracy, society? But also, they have shown that in moment where the majority usually rules, the difference in ideas out spoke and transcended.